More than 1000 common roots have been found in the Ar­menian and Sumerian languages, which is a quantitative and not a qualitative indicator. To understand the quality and character of the commonalities it was necessary to confer the basic vocabulary of the Armenian and Sumerian languages. The Swadesh list was adopted as a criterion for the basic vocabulary. A parallel re­search on the basis of this list shows the following: out of 100 words there are 93 or 94 common words in the Armenian and Sumerian lan­guages. That is a quite serious indicator should we take into ac­count the huge chronological dis­tance (approximately 4-5 thou­sand years) between the two languages, especially since many words could be found in those two languages with similar (5-6) syn­onyms; hence, 309 common words have been found. The basic vocabulary of any language is the most con­servative part of the language affected the least by changes. The minimum of such changes is demonstrated and proven in the arti­cle. We find this a sound argument for the hypothesis that we deal with the same language manifested as Sumerian and Armenian.